What can be a major effect of improper pump alignment?

Improper pump alignment primarily leads to vibration in the pump system. When pumps are not aligned correctly, the rotating parts can exert additional forces that cause misalignments, leading to excessive vibration. This vibration can result in several issues, including wear and tear on components, deterioration of seals and bearings, and potential failure of the pump.

Moreover, the increased vibration can propagate through the piping system, potentially affecting connected equipment and leading to further operational inefficiencies or failures. Effective pump alignment is crucial to ensure smooth operation and longevity of the equipment, reducing the likelihood of vibrations that cause operational disturbances and necessitate costly repairs or replacements.

In contrast, the other options suggest benefits that would not accompany improper alignment; for instance, decreased energy consumption and improved flow efficiency are typically results of correct alignment, while reduced maintenance costs are also associated with well-aligned equipment free of excessive wear.