What is the ideal flow velocity for water in a distribution system?

The ideal flow velocity for water in a distribution system is typically within the range of 3 to 8 feet per second. This velocity range strikes a balance between maintaining adequate flow rates for effective water delivery while minimizing issues such as excessive pressure loss and the potential for water hammer, which can cause damages to the system.

At slower velocities (below 3 feet per second), there can be concerns about sedimentation and stagnation, leading to quality issues in the water supply. Conversely, very high velocities (over 8 feet per second) can increase frictional losses, energy costs, and mechanical stresses on pipes, which could lead to premature failures and increased maintenance requirements. The selected range allows for efficient water transport while managing the hydraulic and structural integrity of the distribution system.