What role does membrane filtration play in water treatment?

Membrane filtration is a crucial process in water treatment that focuses on the physical separation of contaminants from water based on size. This method employs selective barriers, known as membranes, which allow water to pass through while blocking larger particles, microorganisms, and certain dissolved substances.

This separation is highly effective, enabling the removal of a range of contaminants, including bacteria, viruses, and other particulates, thereby improving the overall quality and safety of the drinking water. The size exclusion mechanism of membrane filtration is vital for ensuring that only pure water molecules pass through while impurities are retained and subsequently removed from the system. This method is widely used in various applications, from municipal water treatment plants to desalination processes, owing to its efficiency in providing clean, safe water.